Let's Talk About HPV: Key Information for All Women

The Human Papillomavirus (HPV) is the most common sexually transmitted infection worldwide, involving more than 200 types, of which around 40 affect the genitals. This infection can range from mild and temporary cases to more serious situations such as cervical cancer, as well as genital warts and cancers of the vulva, vagina, anus, mouth and throat.

The Reality of HPV

Being exposed to HPV is practically a given for any sexually active person, which does not imply negligence or promiscuity, but rather a natural part of the human experience. Interestingly, the prevalence of HPV decreases with age, possibly due to changes in sexual activity or a decline in immunity. The main modifiable risk factor is the number of sexual partners, where having three or more can significantly increase the risk of acquiring oncogenic strains of the virus.

Understanding How HPV Works

HPV inserts itself into the nucleus of our skin cells, diverting their normal development to produce more viruses. This process occurs mainly in the basal layer of the epidermis, accessible through microtrauma, which explains the prevalence of genital warts in areas susceptible to damage.

Types of HPV and Associated Risks

There are more than 200 variants of HPV, with around 40 infecting genital tissues. While most infections are asymptomatic, certain types are directly linked to the development of specific cancers. Types 16 and 18, for example, are responsible for 70% of cervical cancers. Although HPV infection is common, implementing preventative measures, such as vaccination and condom use, can make a significant difference in reducing risk.

Prevention and Treatment

Vaccination against HPV and the use of condoms represent the main prevention strategies. It is vital that all women undergo regular screening and maintain open communication with their doctors about sexual protection and treatment options.